Yam khoom twg yog Titanium?

Titanium alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg raws li lawv lub koom haum. (1 Titanium nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhuas thiab tin.2 Titanium nrog alloying ntsiab xws li txhuas chromium molybdenum thiab vanadium.3 Titanium nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li txhuas thiab vanadium.) Titanium alloy muaj lub zog siab thiab tsis tshua muaj siab, zoo mechanical zog, toughness thiab corrosion. kuj zoo heev. Tsis tas li ntawd: titanium alloy txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev txiav thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv thermal ua, yooj yim heev rau nqus hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon thiab lwm yam impurities. Kuj tseem muaj kev hnav tsis zoo, cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog complex. titanium alloys rau titanium-raws li alloys muaj li ntawm lwm yam. Kev lag luam tsim khoom ntawm titanium pib hauv xyoo 1948. Kev tsim kho ntawm kev lag luam aviation xav tau, kom kev lag luam titanium mus rau qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm kwv yees li 8 feem pua. Tam sim no, lub ntiaj teb cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntawm titanium alloy ua cov ntaub ntawv tau mus txog ntau dua 40,000 tonnes ntawm titanium alloy qib ze li 30 hom. Feem ntau siv titanium alloy yog Ti-6Al{{10}}V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) thiab muaj titanium ntshiab (TA1, TA2 thiab TA3). Titanium alloys feem ntau yog siv los ua lub dav hlau lub cav compressor qhov chaw, ua raws li cov khoom siv rau cov foob pob hluav taws, cuaj luaj thiab cov dav hlau ceev ceev.Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab {{20}}s, titanium thiab nws cov alloys tau siv dav dav. Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev lag luam electrolysis, condensers rau cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, cov cua sov rau cov roj av refineries thiab seawater desalination nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib puag ncig. Titanium thiab nws cov alloys tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv corrosion-resistant. Nws kuj tseem siv los tsim cov khoom siv hydrogen cia thiab cov duab nco alloys. Tuam Tshoj pib tshawb fawb txog titanium thiab titanium alloys hauv xyoo 1956; kev tsim khoom ntawm titanium pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab -1960s thiab TB2 alloy tau tsim. Piv nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv hlau, titanium alloys muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no: ① lub zog tshwj xeeb (lub zog tensile / ntom) (saib daim ntawv qhia), tensile lub zog txog li 100 ~ 140kgf / mm2, thaum qhov ceev ntawm tsuas yog 60% ntawm cov hlau. ② lub zog zoo ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab, kev siv qhov kub thiab txias tshaj li cov aluminium alloy ob peb puas degrees siab dua, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tseem tuaj yeem tuav lub zog uas yuav tsum tau ua, tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 450-500 degree kev ua haujlwm ntev. . ③ zoo corrosion kuj, nto ntawm titanium nyob rau hauv cov huab cua tam sim ntawd tsim ib tug niaj hnub thiab ntom oxide zaj duab xis, muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau yam xov xwm yaig. Feem ntau titanium muaj corrosion kuj zoo nyob rau hauv oxidising thiab nruab nrab xov xwm, thiab corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv seawater, ntub chlorine gas thiab chloride tov yog zoo dua. Tab sis hauv kev txo cov xov xwm, xws li hydrochloric acid thiab lwm yam kev daws teeb meem, titanium corrosion kuj tsis zoo. ④ kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov sib txawv tsis tshua muaj titanium alloy, xws li TA7, nyob rau hauv -253 degree tuaj yeem tswj tau qee qhov qib ntawm plasticity. ⑤ Tsawg modulus ntawm elasticity, me me thermal conductivity, non-ferromagnetic. Alloying ntsiab Titanium muaj ob hom homogeneous thiab heterogeneous crystals: -titanium nrog tuab hexagonal qauv hauv qab no 882 degree, thiab -titanium nrog lub cev-centred cubic qauv saum toj no 882 degree. Alloying cov ntsiab lus raws li lawv cov kev cuam tshuam rau theem hloov pauv kub tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: ① stabilization ntawm -theem, kom nce qib kev hloov pauv kub ntawm cov ntsiab lus rau -stabilizing cov ntsiab lus, txhuas, carbon, oxygen thiab nitrogen thiab lwm yam. . Aluminium yog lub ntsiab alloying ntawm titanium alloy, uas muaj qhov pom tseeb los ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab kub, txo cov kev sib nqus tshwj xeeb thiab nce elastic modulus. ② Stabilization ntawm -phase, txo cov theem hloov pauv kub ntawm cov ntsiab lus rau cov ntsiab lus -stabilization, thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua homocrystalline thiab eutectic hom ob. Cov qub muaj molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, thiab lwm yam .; tom kawg muaj chromium, manganese, tooj liab, hlau, silicon, thiab lwm yam.. ③ Cov ntsiab lus uas tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau theem hloov pauv kub yog cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab, xws li zirconium thiab tin. Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon thiab hydrogen yog lub ntsiab impurities hauv titanium alloys. Oxygen thiab nitrogen nyob rau hauv -theem muaj ib tug ntau dua solubility, titanium alloy muaj ib tug tseem ceeb ntxiv dag zog rau cov nyhuv, tab sis lub plasticity yog txo. Feem ntau nws tau teev tseg tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm oxygen thiab nitrogen hauv titanium yog 0.15-0.2% thiab 0.04-0.05% raws li. Hydrogen nyob rau hauv-theem solubility yog heev me me, titanium alloys yaj nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj ntawm hydrogen yuav tsim hydride, thiaj li hais tias cov alloy yuav nkig. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus hydrogen hauv titanium alloys yog tswj kom tsawg dua 0.015%. Lub dissolution ntawm hydrogen hauv titanium yog thim rov qab thiab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev annealing. Pawg Titanium alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg raws li qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov theem: -alloys, (+) alloys thiab -alloys, uas tau qhia raws li TA, TC thiab TB hauv Suav teb feem. ① -alloys muaj ib tug npaum li cas ntawm ruaj khov -phase ntsiab, lub equilibrium xeev feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm -phase. -alloys muaj ib tug me me lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, zoo tshav kub zog, zoo weldability thiab zoo heev corrosion kuj, qhov tsis zoo ntawm chav tsev kub lub zog yog tsawg, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant thiab corrosion-resistant cov ntaub ntawv. -alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua tag nrho- - alloys (TA7), ze - -alloys (Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V) thiab ib qho me me ntawm Cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm -alloys (Ti-2.0%) thiab -alloys (Ti-2.4%). (Ti-2.5Cu). ② ( + ) alloys muaj qee yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas ruaj khov thiab theem, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm cov hlau yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov theem thiab theem. (+) alloy muaj lub zog nruab nrab, thiab tuaj yeem kho cua sov kom ntxiv dag zog, tab sis kev ua haujlwm vuam tsis zoo. (+ ) alloys yog siv dav, uas cov khoom ntawm Ti{-6Al-4V alloy nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov titanium cov ntaub ntawv accounted rau ntau tshaj ib nrab. ③ alloy muaj ntau cov theem ruaj khov, tuaj yeem ua rau kub kub theem tag nrho khaws cia rau hauv chav tsev kub. Cov alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kho cua sov (sub-stable alloys thiab ze-sub-stable alloys) thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub stabilized. Thaum tshav kub kub-kho tau -alloys muaj cov yas zoo heev nyob rau hauv qhov mob quenched thiab tuaj yeem muaj hnub nyoog rau lub zog tensile ntawm 130-140 kgf / mm2. -alloys feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog, siab tawv. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov loj, tus nqi siab, kev siv vuam tsis zoo, kev txiav thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Titanium alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau tsis muaj cua sov, cov alloys muaj zog, corrosion-resistant alloys (titanium - molybdenum, titanium - palladium alloys, thiab lwm yam), tsis kub-kub alloys, nrog rau tshwj xeeb muaj nuj nqi alloys (titanium - hlau hydrogen. cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia thiab titanium - nickel nco alloys) thiab lwm yam. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom ntawm cov alloys raug pom nyob rau hauv lub rooj. Kev kho cua sov Titanium alloys tuaj yeem tau txais cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab cov koom haum los ntawm kev kho cov txheej txheem kho cua sov. Nws feem ntau ntseeg tias lub koom haum zoo isometric muaj cov yas zoo dua, thermal stability thiab qaug zog; Lub koom haum zoo li rab koob muaj lub zog muaj zog ntau dua, lub zog nkag thiab tawg toughness; sib xyaw isometric thiab koob zoo li lub koom haum muaj kev ua tau zoo tag nrho. Feem ntau siv cov kev kho cua sov yog annealing, kev daws thiab kev laus kev kho mob. Annealing yog tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, txhim kho plasticity thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub koom haum, txhawm rau kom tau txais kev ua tau zoo tag nrho. Feem ntau alloy thiab (+) alloy annealing kub xaiv nyob rau hauv (+) - → theem hloov taw tes hauv qab no 120 ~ 200 degree; kev daws teeb meem thiab kev laus kev kho mob yog los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias cheeb tsam ntawm lub ceev txias, thiaj li yuav tau lub martensite 'theem thiab lub sub-stable theem, thiab ces nyob rau hauv nruab nrab kub cheeb tsam kom sov so kom lub decomposition ntawm cov sub-stable theem. , kom tau txais cov theem lossis cov tebchaw xws li nplua dispersion ntawm theem thib ob ntawm qhov taw tes, thiaj li ua rau cov hlau nplaum kom ntxiv dag zog rau lub hom phiaj. Feem ntau (+) alloy quenching nyob rau hauv (+) - → theem hloov taw tes hauv qab 40 ~ 100 degree, sub-stable alloy quenching nyob rau hauv (+) - → theem hloov taw tes saum toj no 40 ~ 80 degree. Kev laus kev kho mob kub yog feem ntau 450-550 degree . Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, kev lag luam kuj tseem siv ob chav annealing, isothermal annealing, kev kho cua sov, kev kho cua sov deformation thiab lwm yam txheej txheem kev kho cua sov.