Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv 7 hom loj thiab ua rau Titanium Alloy Forging Cracking?

Titanium alloys nrog tsawg ntom, siab zog, kub tsis kam, corrosion kuj, non-magnetic thiab biocompatibility thiab lwm yam zoo heev kev ua tau zoo, nyob rau hauv tam sim no aerospace, riam phom, tshuaj thiab roj av, kev kho mob, nuclear zog thiab lwm yam kev thov yog ua ntau. thiab siv ntau dua, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv deformation ntawm titanium alloys xws li tuav, forgings thiab dov profiles. Forging deformation yog los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv titanium alloy kom tau txais lub koom haum zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv titanium alloy forging, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ingot rau bar billet txheej txheem ntau lawm, feem ntau muaj ntau hom kev sib tsoo, tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev sib tsoo. tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom, tab sis kuj yuav txo qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab cov nqi ntawm cov khoom, thiab thaum qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom seem. Raws li qhov no, daim ntawv no tshuaj xyuas thiab sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawg qhov tshwm sim uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm titanium alloy forging ntau xyoo, thiab tso rau pem hauv ntej cov kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv thiab daws qhov tawg, thiaj li ua kom cov khoom ua tau zoo thiab cov khoom zoo ntawm titanium. alloy forging.
1, Titanium alloy forging tawg kev faib tawm thiab ua rau
1.1 Xaus ntsej muag tawg
Thaum kawg lub ntsej muag tawg yog ib hom kev tawg uas tshwm sim ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm lub pob zeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm titanium alloy forging, thiab cov kab nrib pleb feem ntau loj dua thiab ntau dua. Thaum kawg lub ntsej muag tawg muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua, feem ntau ua rau forging tsis tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv raws li cov txheej txheem. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsej muag tawg: ① ingot taub hau shrinkage qhov los yog qhov kawg ntawm qhov txias cais tsis huv kiag li; ② cov txheej txheem ntxhov siab, lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag yog nqus tau, rub cov txheej txheem ntev, billet kawg lub ntsej muag bulge txias ceev; ③ kawg lub ntsej muag txoj hauj lwm los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm extrusion, deformation tsis zoo, los yog rub lub sij hawm ntev deformation ceev ceev heev; ④ ib co ntawm cov billet deformation kuj yog loj, tsis zoo txav, qhov kawg ntawm lub plawv ntawm lub concave.
1.2, Folding tawg
Folding cracking feem ntau yog peb hom: Ua ntej, cov khoom siv raw titanium alloy ingot qhov siab mus rau txoj kab uas hla piv Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 2.5 los yog ingot sampling nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub ingot, seem seem sampling zawj, chim siab thiab folding; Qhov thib ob, cov txheej txheem forging ntawm lub billet nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem ntawm qhov tawg, sib tsoo rau hauv lub qhov tob, chim siab thiab folding dua; Thib peb, lwm cov txheej txheem pabcuam tsim los ntawm cov kaum ntse ntse ntawm cov pob thiab cov craters tsis ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev sib tsoo tawm kev raug mob. Daim duab 1(a) qhia txog qhov folding ntawm TB6 titanium alloy billet nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem vim qhov tob tob tom qab sib tsoo. Daim duab 1 (b) rau TC4-LC titanium alloy billet sawing slant thaum sib cais, tig 180 degree mus txuas ntxiv sawing, sawing nto nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov seem ntse npoo tsis polished, thiab ces rub qhov ntev ntawm lub loj folding tshwm sim.
1.3 Kua muag
Tearing yog ib hom kev hloov pauv ntawm titanium alloy billet localized tearing ntawm billet thaum kos ntev thiab deformation. Forging tearing yuav ua rau kom qhov sib tsoo, txo cov khoom rau hauv cov khoom siv, thaum qhov sib sib zog nqus tearing nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim yuav ua rau qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov khoom siv machining loj thiab seem. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kua muag yog ib qho dhau los ntawm qhov ntau dhau (ib sab loj dua 50mm) lossis hauv qab tus nqi nrawm dhau, Daim duab 2 (a) rau TB6 titanium alloy slab tearing. Thib ob, rauj anvil deformation vim siv ntev ntawm nws cov ntug curvature tsis du txaus, los yog rauj anvil preheating kub tsis txaus, qhov tsis tu ncua deformation nyob rau hauv lub siab kuj yuav ua rau billet tearing. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib co kauj ruam ncej bar los yog forging nrog cov kauj ruam, vim hais tias ntawm qhov sib txawv loj nyob rau hauv lub zos loj ntawm lub platform tsis ncaj ncees lawm, rub ntev forging yog feem ntau yuav tsim kua muag, daim duab 2(b) rau ib tug TC4-DT titanium alloy forging kauj ruam ntawm lub kua muag.

1.4, sab hauv
Internal cracking feem ntau yog hais txog ib qho taw tes, tsis tu ncua los yog tsis tu ncua nruam cracking nyob rau hauv lub titanium alloy billet nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem forging, uas yog feem ntau nyuaj rau nrhiav tau, thiab yuav tsum tau kuaj los ntawm tsawg soj ntsuam los yog ultrasonic flaw detection. Hom kev tawg no rhuav tshem qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov hlau thiab tsuas yog muab pov tseg. Cov laj thawj rau kev tawg hauv sab hauv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: Ua ntej, qee cov khoom siv titanium alloy muaj tungsten, molybdenum thiab niobium thiab lwm yam hlau refractory, lub zos muaj kev sib cais loj dua, suav nrog lossis xoob, kev sib cais txias thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag hauv metallurgical. forging thiab deformation txheej txheem rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov kab nrib pleb; Thib ob, rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb me me (quasi 90 mm lossis Ф90 mm lossis tsawg dua) titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv, kos cov txheej txheem ntev ntawm kev ua kom txias sai, qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tsawg lossis yuav tsum tau Turnaround forging, billet hauv zos kub gradient, yooj yim los tsim. sab hauv tawg. Daim duab 3 rau TA15 titanium alloy quasi-Ф85mm tiav bar flaw nrhiav pom nyob ze ntawm lub plawv ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm sab hauv pob txha morphology, tom qab tshuaj xyuas qhov thib ob.

1.6. Txhaum tawg
Qee qhov nyuaj rau deform kub kub titanium alloy khoom nws tus kheej tsis zoo plasticity, kev tswj cov txheej txheem tsis raug, yooj yim ua rau tawg tawg loj heev, tawg sib sib zog nqus thiab nyuaj rau tshem tawm. Hauv qab cov txheej txheem kev cai ntawm qhov kawg forging kub forging, billet nyob rau hauv lub siab ntau dua yog nws nkig cracking. Muaj qee qhov kub-kub titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv tsis siv 200 ~ 300 degree qis-kub rauv lossis segmented cua sov txheej txheem tsis tsim nyog, qhov kub thiab txias yog ceev heev, vim tsis zoo thermal conductivity ntawm titanium alloys, ua rau cov txheej txheem cua sov ntawm lub billet kawg thiab nruab nrab, nto thiab lub plawv ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug loj kub gradient, tawm ntawm forging, loj cracking tshwm sim. Daim duab 5 (a) qhia txog qhov kub thiab txias titanium alloy kuaj cov khoom tawg, ze li tawg rau hauv ob ntu, tom qab tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem cua sov thiab cov txheej txheem cua sov ceev heev. Daim duab 5 (b) qhia tau hais tias Ti3Al ingot forging txheej txheem tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tawg, soj ntsuam raws li kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Vim tias cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm nres forging cua-txias, kev khiav hauj lwm tshuab clamping ingot qhov chaw qhwv hauv rwb thaiv tsev paj rwb tsis tau ntxuav nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, lub ingot txias tsis sib xws, thiab cov khoom yog rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias, nyob rau hauv lub cua sov thiab forging, lub ingot qhwv nyob rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev paj rwb ciam teb tawg.
1.7, Nto tawg los ntawm lub cev
Ingot metallurgical zoo tsis zoo, qhov tsis xws ntawm qhov chaw tsis raug tshem tawm kom huv si, lossis cov txheej txheem cua sov tsis tsim nyog ua rau tawg rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pob zeb hauv cov txheej txheem forging. Cov cheeb tsam dav dav kuj loj, raug mob hnyav. Daim duab 6 rau cov khoom xa tuaj ua haujlwm TC4-LC titanium alloy ingot thawj qhov hluav taws kub ntev, nyob ze ntawm lub taub hau txoj hauj lwm ntawm sab ntawm qhov tawg loj (lub thawv nyob rau hauv daim duab), tom qab soj ntsuam lub cub tawg tooj ntawm ingot smelting zoo yog pluag, lub ingot nto txias segregation thiab subcutaneous cua qhov yuav tsis ntxuav li los ntawm. Lub tuam txhab titanium alloy kuaj cov ntaub ntawv ingot casting thawj qhov hluav taws kub forging los ntawm lub cev tawg loj, tom qab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov khoom kuaj theem hloov taw tes 1020 degree, thaum qhib kub tsuas yog 1050 degree, cua kub kub yog tsawg, casting lub koom haum plasticity tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev tawg loj, thiab tom qab ntawd sov txog 1150 degree rov qhib lub billet, qhov tawg tau txo qis.
2, Forging cracking yam ntxwv ntawm titanium alloy
2.1 Kev puas tsuaj loj
Titanium alloy cracking yog ib qho kev phom sij loj, tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom cov neeg ua haujlwm sib tsoo, txo cov khoom tsim tawm, tab sis kuj txo cov khoom tawm los. Ib feem ntawm qhov tawg loj heev vim kev sib tsoo sib sib zog nqus, yuav tsum tau ua kom lub sij hawm hluav taws kub trimming, nce cov nqi tsim khoom, rau batch ntau lawm ntawm cov khoom vim kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem kho specifications, yooj yim ua rau cov khoom zoo fluctuations. Kev sib tsoo loj dua tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom lag luam ploj vim tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov khoom xa tuaj loj lossis qhov hnyav.
2.2, yug
Rau Ti3Al, Ti2AlNb, IMI 834, raws li zoo raws li ib co tshiab Cheebtsam ntawm nyuaj rau deform high-temperature titanium alloys, vim lawv tus kheej structural thiab koom haum yam tseem ceeb, lub peev xwm deformation yog tsis zoo, nws tus kheej yog feem ntau yuav tawg. Qee cov titanium alloy ingot metallurgical zoo tsis zoo, muaj kev sib cais, suav nrog, subcutaneous porosity lossis txias cais thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem forging tom ntej yog qhov ua rau ntau qhov hluav taws kub tawg thiab nyuaj rau tshem tawm.
2.3 Yooj yim kho thiab zom
Titanium alloy cracking nrog cov yam ntxwv sib tsoo nyuaj: ① cov kab nrib pleb, yuav tsum tau ntxuav, yuav tsum tswj qhov sib tsoo qhov dav mus rau qhov tob piv ntawm Ntau tshaj lossis sib npaug rau 10, sib tsoo ntau dua; ② ib feem ntawm cov yas tsis zoo ntawm titanium alloy, vim yog kev sib tsoo ntawm cov billet hauv zos kub nce, qhov muaj qhov kub thiab txias, txias vim lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ntxhov siab, cov kab nrib pleb yuav txuas ntxiv mus, piv txwv li, thaum sib tsoo tawg; ③ qee qhov me me ntawm titanium alloy rods lossis forgings, vim qhov hnyav ntawm qhov me me, kev sib tsoo tsis yooj yim kho; ④ Kev tawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qee qhov ntev ntev thiab forgings, uas yuav tsum tau polished vertically, yog qhov nyuaj rau kev khiav lag luam thiab ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb; ⑤ Tej yam zoo li no muaj cov duab tsis zoo thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab tsis muaj qhov chaw pib nrog kev sib tsoo ntawm cov kab nrib pleb.
2.4 Kev tshuaj xyuas nyuaj
Titanium alloy cracking muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis yooj yim tshuaj ntsuam: ① tawg yuav tsum tau 100% tshuaj xyuas, tshuaj xyuas haujlwm; ② cov kab nrib pleb ua me me, yooj yim los ntawm kev sib tsoo cov plua plav, tus neeg soj ntsuam tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntawm qhov muag liab qab seb puas yuav tshem tawm kom huv si; ③ qee qhov tsis zoo, cov kab nrib pleb yog qhov nyuaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas; ④ Cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim hauv daim tawv nqaij lossis hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab, feem ntau yog cov khoom tiav kev tshuaj xyuas lossis tshuaj xyuas qis kom paub tias nws lig dhau lawm; ⑤ yooj yim tawg cov kab nrib pleb sab hauv vim qhov tsis sib xws thiab qhov loj me, cov kab nrib pleb tsis tuaj yeem pom; ⑤ yooj yim tawg cov kab nrib pleb sab hauv vim qhov tsis sib xws thiab qhov loj me, cov kab nrib pleb tsis tuaj yeem pom; ⑤ yooj yim tawg cov kab nrib pleb sab hauv vim qhov tsis sib xws thiab qhov loj me, cov kab nrib pleb tsis tuaj yeem pom. ⑤ yooj yim tawg los yog tsim ua ntej qhov kev ntsuam xyuas xim xim xim nkag mus, ua rau qhov nyuaj ntawm kev soj ntsuam kev ua haujlwm.
3, Titanium alloy forging tawg tiv thaiv thiab daws
Raws li saum toj no xya hom titanium alloy tawg cov ntaub ntawv, ua rau thiab cov yam ntxwv, thiab ua ke nrog cov qauv tawg, kev txhim kho cov phiaj xwm kev tiv thaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau kev txhim kho theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev nkag siab tacit, kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo meej, kev txhim kho thiab kev siv nruj ntawm kev sib tsoo kom tsim nyog, kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb, tswj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb. paub meej.

3.2 Folding thiab cracking tiv thaiv
Ua ntej, tswj cov khoom siv raw titanium alloy ingot lossis cov txheej txheem nruab nrab ntawm qhov siab mus rau txoj kab uas hla Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.5, qhov siab tshaj qhov tsim nyog rau txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1.8 ~ 2.3; Qhov thib ob, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ingot residual sampling groove thiab billet folding cracking qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab los yog sanding kev kho mob, nco ntsoov hloov thiab du ntawm qhov dav-rau-qhov sib piv ntawm ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 10 yog tsim nyog; Thib peb, yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias sawing, machining thiab lwm cov txheej txheem pabcuam tsim los ntawm cov kaum ntse ntse ntawm cov pob thiab cov craters (xws li machining positioning qhov, thiab lwm yam) raws li kev tswj xyuas sab hauv, zoo ib yam li cov kauj ruam billet. qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 7, positioning qhov, thiab lwm yam. yuav tsum tau polished huv si ua ntej txuas ntxiv forging.
3.3 Tiv thaiv kua muag
Ua ntej, ceev forging tshuab forging ib leeg dhau unilateral nyob rau hauv siab tswj 20 ~ 30mm ntau yam, nyob rau hauv siab tus nqi yuav tsum tsis txhob ceev heev (mus rau 5 ~ 10mm / s tsim nyog); Qhov thib ob, kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntug ntawm lub rauj anvil curvature Ntau dua los yog sib npaug ntawm R40mm, deformation tshwm sim raws sij hawm kom tswj tau qhov kev ua haujlwm thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov anvil preheated ua ntej mus rau 300 ~ 400 degree C; Thib peb, rau cov kauj ruam ntawm ncej bar los yog kauj ruam forging, kauj ruam forging ntawm lub forging yuav tsum tau siv lub khob tuav lub teeb siab, ces Lub rauj yuav tsum tau nias maj mam, thiab lub deformation ntawm ib tug rauj yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj nyob rau hauv 30 hli. , thiab thaum tsim kua muag tshwm sim, lub rauj yuav tsum tau kho los yog lub forging yuav tsum tau nres nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm rau kev sib tsoo.
3.4, Tiv thaiv kev tawg sab hauv
Ua ntej, rau titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj refractory hlau ntsiab xws li tungsten, molybdenum thiab niobium, peb yuav tsum pib los ntawm lub hauv paus, ntxiv dag zog rau ingot melting txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb, txhim kho qib ntawm melting technology, txo los yog tshem tawm kev sib cais, inclusions, xoob los yog txias. kev sib cais thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag ntawm metallurgy; Thib ob, rau me me-loj titanium alloy billet, cov txheej txheem kev kos duab yuav tsum tau raws sij hawm chamfering, thiab sim kom tsis txhob billet clamping kawg ntawm lub taub hau ntawm forging, cov kev tso cai yuav tsum tam sim ntawd rov qab mus rau lub cub tawg kom forged.
3.5 Kev tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ntev
Ua ntej, titanium alloy billet daim duab txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm chamfering, txwv tsis pub qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntse npoo, dub npoo; Qhov thib ob, qee qhov kub-rhiab heev-kub titanium alloy forging tom qab cua txias lossis npog rwb thaiv tsev paj rwb txias, sim tsis txhob siv cov cua txias, dej txias, roj-txias, thiab lwm yam kev ua kom txias sai.
3.6 Brittle cracking tiv thaiv
Rau qhov nyuaj deformation ntawm high-temperature titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv, yuav tsum tau siv "pob paj rwb forging": uas yog, lub billet rhuab mus rau lub teev tuav lub sij hawm, lub billet raug tshem tawm, qhwv nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev paj rwb (thickness ntawm txog 10 hli. , uniformly sprinkled nrog ib txheej ntawm iav tiv thaiv tus neeg saib xyuas), rov qab mus rau lub cub tawg kom sov mus ntxiv (lub sij hawm raws li qhov loj ntawm lub billet thiab lub pob paj rwb ceev thiab qeeb), tawm ntawm lub forging, txheej txheem ntawm lub sij hawm nce npog thermal rwb thaiv tsev paj rwb, txo qhov kub ntawm lub billet, txo qhov kub ntawm billet. Paj rwb, txo qhov poob ntawm billet kub, kom ntseeg tau tias ib txwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm forging kub saum toj kawg nkaus forging kub, xyaum qhia tau hais tias lub lag luam muaj peev xwm ho txo ​​cracking. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom titanium alloy cua sov yuav tsum tau noj 200 ~ 300 degree qis-kub rauv, ntau theem cua sov, cua sov qeeb (50 ~ 100 degree / h), kom ntseeg tau tias cov billet yog cua sov sib npaug, txo qhov kub ntawm gradient. nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv. Thaum kawg, cov txheej txheem forging yog txwv tsis pub cov khoom xa tuaj, tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo nrog cov khoom ua haujlwm; cov txheej txheem txias yog qeeb thiab sib xws; tawg sib tsoo ua tiav rau xim nkag mus kuaj, thiab lwm yam ..
3.7, kev tiv thaiv nto tawg
Ua ntej, qhov tawg ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo ntawm ingots, yuav tsum ntxiv dag zog rau cov txheej txheem melting kev tshawb fawb, txhim kho qib melting, forging ua ntej yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tag nrho cov ingot txias segregation, subcutaneous porosity thiab lwm yam metallurgical defects. Thib ob, thaum tsim cov txheej txheem cua sov thiab forging, peb yuav tsum ua tib zoo sau cov lus qhia tias qhov ntsuas kub tsis tshua muaj cua sov ntawm cov khoom siv ntsuas ua rau muaj kev tawg loj, thiab ua tib zoo xav txog ntau yam los xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej txheem zoo.
4, Xaus
(1) Titanium alloy forging cracking suav nrog qhov kawg tawg, folding cracking, tearing, internal cracking, longitudinal cracking, brittle cracking, thiab lwm yam., nrog rau ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab tswj tau; thiab nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev phom sij loj, tsis muaj menyuam, muaj keeb kwm, nyuaj kho thiab zom, thiab nyuaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas.
(2) Txhawm rau txo thiab tsis txhob titanium alloy forging cracking, kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, thiab tsim nyog thiab tsim nyog kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb xws li forging, sib tsoo thiab tshuaj xyuas yog nyob rau hauv kev tswj, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev ntsuas tau nruj me ntsis.