Vim li cas Titanium Alloys Yuav Tsum Tau Rau Cov Khoom Siv Aerospace?

Titanium thiab aviation muaj kev sib raug zoo tsis sib haum. Xyoo 1953, kev siv titanium nyob rau hauv lub cav pods thiab firewalls ntawm DC-T aircraft tsim los ntawm US Douglas Company, yog li qhib rau keeb kwm ntawm titanium aerospace daim ntaub ntawv. Txij thaum ntawd los, titanium tau siv nyob rau hauv aviation rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua. Titanium tuaj yeem siv dav hauv aviation vim nws muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv dav hlau. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog vim li cas aviation cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum siv titanium alloy.

Ua ntej, kev taw qhia ntawm titanium

Xyoo 1948, Tebchaws Asmeskas DuPont tsuas yog nrog cov txheej txheem magnesium tons ntawm kev tsim cov titanium daim txhuam cev - qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm titanium daim txhuam cev uas titanium. Titanium alloy yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb vim nws lub zog siab, zoo corrosion kuj, kub tsis kam thiab lwm yam ntxwv.

Titanium muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, qeb thib cuaj hauv cov ntsiab lus, ntau dua tooj liab, zinc, tin thiab lwm yam hlau. Titanium yog dav pom nyob rau hauv ntau pob zeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb thiab av nplaum.

Thib ob, cov yam ntxwv ntawm titanium

Lub zog siab: 1.3 npaug ntawm aluminium alloy, 1.6 npaug ntawm magnesium alloy, 3.5 npaug ntawm stainless hlau, cov ntaub ntawv hlau.

Lub zog thermal: kev siv qhov kub thiab txias yog ob peb puas degrees siab dua aluminium alloy, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm kub ntawm 450 ~ 500 degree mus sij hawm ntev.

Zoo corrosion kuj: acid, alkali thiab atmospheric corrosion kuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog tiv thaiv pitting thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion.

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias: titanium alloy TA7 nrog cov ntsiab lus qis heev tuaj yeem tswj tau qee qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm -253 degree .

Kev ua haujlwm tshuaj lom neeg siab: cov tshuaj ua haujlwm siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yooj yim reacts chemically nrog hydrogen, oxygen thiab lwm yam gaseous impurities nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los tsim ib tug hardened txheej.

Me me thermal conductivity, me me modulus ntawm elasticity: lub thermal conductivity yog hais txog 1/4 ntawm npib tsib xee, 1/5 ntawm hlau, 1/14 ntawm txhuas, thiab ntau yam titanium alloys muaj ib tug thermal conductivity ntawm li 50% qis dua titanium. Lub modulus ntawm elasticity ntawm titanium alloy yog hais txog 1/2 ntawm hlau.

Thib peb, kev faib tawm thiab siv cov titanium alloy

Titanium alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua: kub-resistant alloys, high-strength alloys, corrosion-resistant alloys (titanium - molybdenum, titanium - palladium alloys, thiab lwm yam), low-temperature alloys, as well as tshwj xeeb functional alloys (titanium - hlau. hydrogen cia cov ntaub ntawv thiab titanium - nickel nco alloys) thiab hais txog.

Txawm hais tias titanium thiab nws cov alloys tsis tau siv rau lub sijhawm ntev, lawv tau txais ntau lub npe qhuas vim lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo. Thawj qhov yog "qhov chaw hlau". Nws lub teeb yuag, siab zog thiab kub tsis kam ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev tsim cov dav hlau thiab ntau lub dav hlau. Tam sim no, kwv yees li peb lub hlis twg ntawm cov titanium thiab titanium alloys tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog siv nyob rau hauv lub aerospace kev lag luam. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom qub aluminium alloy, tau hloov mus rau titanium alloy.

Plaub, aviation daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium alloy

Titanium alloy feem ntau yog siv rau lub dav hlau thiab lub cav tsim cov ntaub ntawv, xws li forging titanium kiv cua, pressurized cua disk thiab hniav, cav cover, tso pa thiab lwm yam qhov chaw, raws li zoo raws li lub aircraft lub loj kab teeb ncej thiab lwm yam structural ncej qhov chaw. Spacecraft mas siv titanium alloys ntawm lub zog siab, corrosion kuj thiab kub tsis kam los tsim ntau yam ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab, roj cia tso tsheb hlau luam, fasteners, ntsuas pluaj, thav ntawv thiab foob pob ua ntxaij plhaub. Artificial Earth satellites, lunar module, manned spaceships thiab space shuttles kuj siv titanium alloy phaj weldments.

Xyoo 1950, Tebchaws Meskas nyob rau hauv F-84 fighter-bomber siv los ua lub tsheb thauj neeg mob thaum tshav kub kub tiv thaiv, cua tiv thaiv, tail cowl thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog-load-bearing Cheebtsam. 60's pib ntawm kev siv cov titanium alloys los ntawm lub rear fuselage mus rau nruab nrab fuselage, ib nrab es tsis txhob ntawm structural steel manufacturing spacer thav ntawv, kab teeb, flaps, swb rails thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb load-bearing Cheebtsam. 70's, cov pej xeem dav hlau pib siv titanium alloys loj, xws li tus nqi ntawm titanium nyob rau hauv Boeing 747 neeg nrog caij dav hlau muaj li 3640 kilograms ntawm titanium. Ntau tshaj 28% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub tshuab. Nrog rau kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis, hauv cov foob pob hluav taws, satellites thiab lub dav hlau, kuj tau siv ntau cov titanium alloys.

Lub dav hlau ntau dua, siv titanium ntau dua. US F-14A fighter siv titanium alloy, suav txog li 25% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub tshuab; F-15A fighter rau 25.8%; US plaub-tiam fighter nrog titanium npaum li cas ntawm 41% ntawm lub F119 engine nrog titanium nqi ntawm 39%, yog tam sim no siv titanium npaum li cas ntawm siab aircraft.

Txhais nrog www.DeepL.com/Translator (dawb version)

Titanium thiab aviation muaj kev sib raug zoo tsis sib haum. Xyoo 1953, kev siv titanium nyob rau hauv lub cav pods thiab firewalls ntawm DC-T aircraft tsim los ntawm US Douglas Company, yog li qhib rau keeb kwm ntawm titanium aerospace daim ntaub ntawv. Txij thaum ntawd los, titanium tau siv nyob rau hauv aviation rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua. Titanium tuaj yeem siv dav hauv aviation vim nws muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev siv dav hlau. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog vim li cas aviation cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum siv titanium alloy.

Ua ntej, kev taw qhia ntawm titanium

Xyoo 1948, Tebchaws Asmeskas DuPont tsuas yog nrog cov txheej txheem magnesium tons ntawm kev tsim cov titanium daim txhuam cev - qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm titanium daim txhuam cev uas titanium. Titanium alloy yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb vim nws lub zog siab, zoo corrosion kuj, kub tsis kam thiab lwm yam ntxwv.

Titanium muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, qeb thib cuaj hauv cov ntsiab lus, ntau dua tooj liab, zinc, tin thiab lwm yam hlau. Titanium yog dav pom nyob rau hauv ntau pob zeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb thiab av nplaum.

Thib ob, cov yam ntxwv ntawm titanium

Lub zog siab: 1.3 npaug ntawm aluminium alloy, 1.6 npaug ntawm magnesium alloy, 3.5 npaug ntawm stainless hlau, cov ntaub ntawv hlau.

Lub zog thermal: kev siv qhov kub thiab txias yog ob peb puas degrees siab dua aluminium alloy, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm kub ntawm 450 ~ 500 degree mus sij hawm ntev.

Zoo corrosion kuj: acid, alkali thiab atmospheric corrosion kuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog tiv thaiv pitting thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion.

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias: titanium alloy TA7 nrog cov ntsiab lus qis heev tuaj yeem tswj tau qee qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm -253 degree .

Kev ua haujlwm tshuaj lom neeg siab: cov tshuaj ua haujlwm siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yooj yim reacts chemically nrog hydrogen, oxygen thiab lwm yam gaseous impurities nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los tsim ib tug hardened txheej.

Me me thermal conductivity, me me modulus ntawm elasticity: lub thermal conductivity yog hais txog 1/4 ntawm npib tsib xee, 1/5 ntawm hlau, 1/14 ntawm txhuas, thiab ntau yam titanium alloys muaj ib tug thermal conductivity ntawm li 50% qis dua titanium. Lub modulus ntawm elasticity ntawm titanium alloy yog hais txog 1/2 ntawm hlau.

Thib peb, kev faib tawm thiab siv cov titanium alloy

Titanium alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua: kub-resistant alloys, high-strength alloys, corrosion-resistant alloys (titanium - molybdenum, titanium - palladium alloys, thiab lwm yam), low-temperature alloys, as well as tshwj xeeb functional alloys (titanium - hlau. hydrogen cia cov ntaub ntawv thiab titanium - nickel nco alloys) thiab hais txog.

Txawm hais tias titanium thiab nws cov alloys tsis tau siv rau lub sijhawm ntev, lawv tau txais ntau lub npe qhuas vim lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo. Thawj qhov yog "qhov chaw hlau". Nws lub teeb yuag, siab zog thiab kub tsis kam ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev tsim cov dav hlau thiab ntau lub dav hlau. Tam sim no, kwv yees li peb lub hlis twg ntawm cov titanium thiab titanium alloys tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog siv nyob rau hauv lub aerospace kev lag luam. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom qub aluminium alloy, tau hloov mus rau titanium alloy.

Plaub, aviation daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium alloy

Titanium alloy feem ntau yog siv rau lub dav hlau thiab lub cav tsim cov ntaub ntawv, xws li forging titanium kiv cua, pressurized cua disk thiab hniav, cav cover, tso pa thiab lwm yam qhov chaw, raws li zoo raws li lub aircraft lub loj kab teeb ncej thiab lwm yam structural ncej qhov chaw. Spacecraft mas siv titanium alloys ntawm lub zog siab, corrosion kuj thiab kub tsis kam los tsim ntau yam ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab, roj cia tso tsheb hlau luam, fasteners, ntsuas pluaj, thav ntawv thiab foob pob ua ntxaij plhaub. Artificial Earth satellites, lunar module, manned spaceships thiab space shuttles kuj siv titanium alloy phaj weldments.

Xyoo 1950, Tebchaws Meskas nyob rau hauv F-84 fighter-bomber siv los ua lub tsheb thauj neeg mob thaum tshav kub kub tiv thaiv, cua tiv thaiv, tail cowl thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog-load-bearing Cheebtsam. 60's pib ntawm kev siv cov titanium alloys los ntawm lub rear fuselage mus rau nruab nrab fuselage, ib nrab es tsis txhob ntawm structural steel manufacturing spacer thav ntawv, kab teeb, flaps, swb rails thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb load-bearing Cheebtsam. 70's, cov pej xeem dav hlau pib siv titanium alloys loj, xws li tus nqi ntawm titanium nyob rau hauv Boeing 747 neeg nrog caij dav hlau muaj li 3640 kilograms ntawm titanium. Ntau tshaj 28% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub tshuab. Nrog rau kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis, hauv cov foob pob hluav taws, satellites thiab lub dav hlau, kuj tau siv ntau cov titanium alloys.

Lub dav hlau ntau dua, siv titanium ntau dua. US F-14A fighter siv titanium alloy, suav txog li 25% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub tshuab; F-15A fighter rau 25.8%; US plaub-tiam fighter nrog titanium npaum li cas ntawm 41% ntawm lub F119 engine nrog titanium nqi ntawm 39%, yog tam sim no siv titanium npaum li cas ntawm siab aircraft.

V. Titanium alloy nyob rau hauv aviation yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov laj thawj rau daim ntawv thov

Niaj hnub nimno aircraft navigation Kev kub ceev tau mus txog 2.7 npaug ntawm lub suab ceev. Yog li ceev ceev supersonic ya davhlau, yuav ua rau lub dav hlau thiab huab cua sib txhuam thiab ua rau kub heev. Thaum lub davhlau ceev nce mus txog 2.2 npaug ntawm lub suab nrawm, aluminium alloy tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus. Lub tshav kub-resistant titanium alloy yuav tsum tau siv.

Thaum lub aero-engine thrust-rau-hnyav piv los ntawm 4 mus rau 6 nce mus rau 8 mus rau 10, lub siab ntawm cov roj qhov hluav taws xob kub sib txuas tau nce los ntawm 200 mus rau 300 degree mus rau 500 mus rau 600 degree, tus thawj low-pressure pressurized gas discs thiab hniav ua. ntawm aluminium yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau titanium alloy.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm titanium alloy kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm, thiab ua kom muaj kev vam meej tas li. Tus thawj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm titanium, txhuas, vanadium titanium alloy, siab ua hauj lwm kub ntawm 550 degree ~ 600 degree, thiab tshiab tsim titanium aluminium (TiAl) alloy, siab ua hauj lwm kub tau nce mus rau 1040 degree.

titanium alloy es tsis txhob stainless hlau los tsim high-pressure compressor disk thiab hniav, tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav. Lub dav hlau tuaj yeem txuag tau 4% ntawm cov roj rau txhua 10% qhov hnyav txo. Rau cov foob pob hluav taws, txhua 1kg qhov hnyav txo tuaj yeem nce qhov deb ntawm 15 km.

Rau, titanium alloy machining yam ntxwv tsom xam

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov thermal conductivity tsawg ntawm titanium alloy, tsuas yog 1/4 ntawm cov hlau, txhuas 1/13, tooj liab 1/25, vim tias qhov kub tsis txias hauv cheeb tsam txiav, tsis zoo rau thermal tshuav nyiaj li cas, hauv cov txheej txheem txiav. , cov cua kub dissipation thiab txias txias yog tsis zoo heev, yooj yim los tsim ib tug kub kub nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam, deformation ntawm qhov chaw tom qab machining rebound, ua rau muaj zog torque ntawm lub cuab tam txiav, lub ntug ntawm lub ntug ntawm lub ceev ceev thiab txo durability.

Thib ob, cov thermal conductivity tsawg ntawm titanium alloy, yog li ntawd cov cua kub ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov riam txiav nyob ze ntawm thaj chaw me me tsis yooj yim rau kev nthuav tawm, kev sib txhuam ntawm lub ntsej muag pem hauv ntej nce, tsis yooj yim rau nti, txiav cov cua sov tsis yooj yim rau kev nthuav tawm. tshaj tawm, ceev cov cuab yeej hnav. Tom qab, titanium alloy tshuaj lom neeg kev ua haujlwm siab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov cuab yeej siv, tsim kev tawg, tawg, ua rau muaj riam, hlawv riam, riam tawg thiab lwm yam tshwm sim.

Txhais nrog www.DeepL.com/Translator (dawb version)

V. Titanium alloy nyob rau hauv aviation yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov laj thawj rau daim ntawv thov

Niaj hnub nimno aircraft navigation Kev kub ceev tau mus txog 2.7 npaug ntawm lub suab ceev. Yog li ceev ceev supersonic ya davhlau, yuav ua rau lub dav hlau thiab huab cua sib txhuam thiab ua rau kub heev. Thaum lub davhlau ceev nce mus txog 2.2 npaug ntawm lub suab nrawm, aluminium alloy tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus. Lub tshav kub-resistant titanium alloy yuav tsum tau siv.

Thaum lub aero-engine thrust-rau-hnyav piv los ntawm 4 mus rau 6 nce mus rau 8 mus rau 10, lub siab ntawm cov roj qhov hluav taws xob kub sib txuas tau nce los ntawm 200 mus rau 300 degree mus rau 500 mus rau 600 degree, tus thawj low-pressure pressurized gas discs thiab hniav ua. ntawm aluminium yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau titanium alloy.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm titanium alloy kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm, thiab ua kom muaj kev vam meej tas li. Tus thawj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm titanium, txhuas, vanadium titanium alloy, siab ua hauj lwm kub ntawm 550 degree ~ 600 degree, thiab tshiab tsim titanium aluminium (TiAl) alloy, siab ua hauj lwm kub tau nce mus rau 1040 degree.

titanium alloy es tsis txhob stainless hlau los tsim high-pressure compressor disk thiab hniav, tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav. Lub dav hlau tuaj yeem txuag tau 4% ntawm cov roj rau txhua 10% qhov hnyav txo. Rau cov foob pob hluav taws, txhua 1kg qhov hnyav txo tuaj yeem nce qhov deb ntawm 15 km.

Rau, titanium alloy machining yam ntxwv tsom xam

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov thermal conductivity tsawg ntawm titanium alloy, tsuas yog 1/4 ntawm cov hlau, txhuas 1/13, tooj liab 1/25, vim tias qhov kub tsis txias hauv cheeb tsam txiav, tsis zoo rau thermal tshuav nyiaj li cas, hauv cov txheej txheem txiav. , cov cua kub dissipation thiab txias txias yog tsis zoo heev, yooj yim los tsim ib tug kub kub nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam, deformation ntawm qhov chaw tom qab machining rebound, ua rau muaj zog torque ntawm lub cuab tam txiav, lub ntug ntawm lub ntug ntawm lub ceev ceev thiab txo durability.

Thib ob, cov thermal conductivity tsawg ntawm titanium alloy, yog li ntawd cov cua kub ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov riam txiav nyob ze ntawm thaj chaw me me tsis yooj yim rau kev nthuav tawm, kev sib txhuam ntawm lub ntsej muag pem hauv ntej nce, tsis yooj yim rau nti, txiav cov cua sov tsis yooj yim rau kev nthuav tawm. tshaj tawm, ceev cov cuab yeej hnav. Tom qab, titanium alloy tshuaj lom neeg kev ua haujlwm siab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov cuab yeej siv, tsim kev tawg, tawg, ua rau muaj riam, hlawv riam, riam tawg thiab lwm yam tshwm sim.