Cov Khoom Ntawm Tungsten Hlau

Tungsten tau tshawb pom los ntawm Swedish chemist Sheller hauv 178l thaum nws siv cov kua qaub rau decompose tungstic acid, tab sis nws siv rau caum-tsib xyoo rau tib neeg los tsim cov hlau ntshiab tungsten.

Tungsten yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau, tungsten ore nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm hu ua "hnyav pob zeb". Nws muaj qhov ceev ntawm 19.3 g / cm3. Ntawm tag nrho cov hlau, tungsten muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws melting point ntawm (3407 ⫽ 2.0) degree, qhov qis tshaj vapor siab, lub zog tensile siab tshaj (ntawm 1650 degree), thiab qis evaporation tus nqi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tungsten tseem nyuaj heev, ntshiab tungsten yog hlau grey rau tin-dawb nyuaj hlau, ntshiab tungsten tuaj yeem saws (ntshiab tungsten yog nkig heev, tsis yooj yim rau txheej txheem). Tungsten tuaj yeem ua los ntawm forging, kos duab thiab cuam tshuam. Tungsten yog tshuaj ruaj khov, tsis hnov ​​​​mob nrog huab cua lossis dej hauv chav tsev kub, thiab yog insoluble hauv hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid thiab alkali daws. Nws tsis yog soluble hauv hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid thiab alkali daws. Nws yog soluble hauv aqua regia thiab sib tov ntawm nitric thiab hydrofluoric acid. Thaum kub siab, nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog chlorine, bromine, iodine, carbon, nitrogen thiab sulfur, tab sis tsis yog hydrogen. Corrosion kuj zoo heev, feem ntau inorganic acids muaj me ntsis yaig. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nws nto tsim ib tug tiv thaiv oxide, tab sis nyob rau hauv high kub nws oxidizes kiag li. Cov txheej txheej electron txheej txheej ntawm tungsten atoms hauv av yog [Xe] 4f145d46s2, thiab valence electrons yog 5d4S2. Cov oxidation xeev ntawm tungsten yog +1, +2, +3, +4, +6, thiab lwm yam. Cov oxides siab heev yog acidic, thiab qis- valent oxides yog qhov yooj yim. Lub +6-valent tungsten muaj peev xwm ionic siab thiab muaj peev xwm nyiam los yog deform ligands. Cov oxide ntau tshaj plaws yog daj tungsten trioxide, WO3, uas tuaj yeem yaj hauv dej alkaline los ua WO42-. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tungsten suav nrog tungsten dioxide W02, tungsten trioxide W03, tungstic acid los ntawm W04, metatungstic acid H6W12039-27H20, sodium orthotungstate Na2Wq, calcium tungstate CaWO4, tungsten heteropolyacids thiab ntsev. Ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm tungsten rau hlau tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov hlau.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, cov ntsiab lus ntawm tungsten yog plaub puas txhiab. Tuam Tshoj lub tungsten reserves, accounting rau lub ntiaj teb thawj! Ntawm lawv, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tungsten yog pom nyob rau hauv lub roob Dageng nyob rau hauv Jiangxi xeev, thiab tungsten tseem muaj nyob rau hauv Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan thiab lwm qhov chaw.

Peb txhua tus paub tias tungsten tuaj yeem siv los ua filaments, tab sis kev siv loj tshaj plaws ntawm tungsten tsis yog los ua filaments, tab sis ua rau cov hlau tungsten. Txhua xyoo, 90% ntawm tungsten yog siv los ua tungsten steel. Nyob rau hauv Suav teb thaum ub, feem ntau hu ua "hlau zoo li av nkos" ntaj, "Dej Margin" hais tias cov plaub hau ntawm "ntsuab ntsej muag tsiaj nyaum" Yang Zhi rab ntaj hniav tshuab, cov plaub hau yuav tawg ib nrab. Cov lus dab neeg no yeej muaj tseeb, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tseeb tias qee qhov riam yog ntse heev. Raws li niaj hnub tsom xam nrog cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Nws hloov tawm tias muaj tungsten nyob rau hauv cov hlau riam! Tam sim no, tib neeg yuav siv tungsten ore thiab hlau ore ua ke, ua kom zoo rau hauv tungsten steel. Tungsten steel feem ntau muaj 9-17% tungsten.