Kev cuam tshuam thiab kev siv titanium hauv hlau

Hlau thiab titanium feem ntau siv hlau hauv kev tsim khoom vim lawv lub zog zoo heev, hardness thiab lwm yam khoom siv lub cev thiab txhua yam.

Hlau yog ib qho hlau alloy ntawm hlau thiab carbon, nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon xws li 0.2% mus rau 2.1% los ntawm qhov hnyav. Txawm hais tias hlau thiab carbon yog cov khoom tseem ceeb, me me ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus xws li manganese, silicon thiab phosphorus tuaj yeem muaj. Muaj ntau hom hlau, categorized raws li cov ntsiab lus carbon, alloying ntsiab thiab cov txheej txheem kho cua sov. Cov no suav nrog cov hlau me me, cov hlau tsis muaj steel thiab cov hlau tsis muaj zog tsawg. Steel paub txog nws lub zog, durability thiab versatility, uas ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam kev siv. Nws siv npog txhua yam ntawm kev tsim kho thiab tsheb mus rau cov cuab yeej thiab cutlery.

Titanium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg nrog lub cim Ti thiab atomic naj npawb 22. nws yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hlau nrog cov xim silvery, tsis tshua muaj siab thiab lub zog siab. Txawm hais tias nws yog muaj zog npaum li hlau, nws yog qhov tsis tshua muaj tuab, ua nws cov hlau ntawm kev xaiv rau kev siv lub zog-qhov hluav taws xob piv txwv yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Nyob rau hauv nws lub xeev unalloyed, titanium muaj zog npaum li ib co steels tab sis tsawg ntom. Thaum alloyed nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus xws li txhuas thiab vanadium, nws tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Ob lub ntsiab siv ntawm titanium yog aerospace ( dav hlau, dav hlau, thiab missiles) thiab kev lag luam kev siv vim nws yog ib lub teeb yuag, muaj zog, thiab resistant rau corrosion txawm nyob rau hauv high kub.

I. Titanium ntawm microstructure ntawm hlau thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev kho cua sov

① titanium thiab nitrogen, oxygen, carbon muaj ib tug muaj zog affinity, yog ib tug zoo deoxidizer thiab tsau nitrogen, carbon zoo ntsiab.

② titanium thiab carbon compounds (TiC) sib txuas quab yuam muaj zog heev, ruaj khov, tsuas yog rhuab mus rau ntau tshaj 1000 degree yuav maj mam yaj mus rau hauv cov khoom tov ntawm hlau, TiC hais yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov hlau grain loj hlob thiab coarsening ntawm lub luag hauj lwm.

(iii) Titanium yog ib qho ntawm cov muaj zog ferrite-tsim cov ntsiab lus, kom lub austenite theem cheeb tsam yog nqaim. Titanium nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem los txhim kho hardenability ntawm hlau, thaum lub xub ntiag ntawm TiC hais yog los txo cov hardenability ntawm hlau.

④ titanium cov ntsiab lus nce mus txog ib qho nqi, vim yog cov nag lossis daus ntawm TiFe2, tuaj yeem tsim cov nag lossis daus hardening.

Thib ob, kev cuam tshuam ntawm titanium ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov hlau

① Thaum titanium muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua hauv ferrite, nws cov nyhuv zog yog siab dua aluminium, manganese, npib tsib xee, molybdenum, thiab lwm yam, ua raws li beryllium, phosphorus, tooj liab, silicon.

② Cov nyhuv ntawm titanium ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv uas nws muaj, qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Ti thiab C, thiab txoj kev kho cua sov. Titanium pawg feem ntawm {{0}}.03% mus rau 0.1% ntawm lub zog tawm los tuaj yeem txhim kho, tab sis thaum qhov piv ntawm Ti thiab C cov ntsiab lus ntau dua 4, nws lub zog thiab qhov hnyav poob qis heev.

(iii) Titanium txhim kho lub zog ruaj khov thiab nkag siab tsis kam.

④ titanium ntawm qhov toughness ntawm cov hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kub-kub cuam tshuam toughness tau zoo tuaj.

Thib peb, titanium ntawm lub cev, tshuaj thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau cuam tshuam

① Txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, siab siab, hydrogen.

② titanium tuaj yeem txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm stainless acid-resistant steel, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis kam mus rau intergranular corrosion.

③ Hauv cov pa roj carbon tsawg, thaum qhov piv ntawm Ti thiab C cov ntsiab lus nce mus txog 4.5 lossis ntau dua, nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion thiab alkali brittleness vim cov pa oxygen, nitrogen thiab carbon tag nrho.

④ Ntxiv titanium rau hlau nrog chromium loj feem ntawm 4%-6% txhim kho oxidation tsis kam ntawm hlau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

⑤ Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm titanium rau hlau tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsim cov txheej txheem nitriding, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tawv tawv tuaj yeem tau sai dua. Titanium-muaj steels hu ua "fast nitriding steels" thiab tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ntsia hlau siab.

Txhim kho qhov weldability ntawm tsawg carbon manganese hlau thiab siab alloy stainless sodium.

Kev siv cov titanium hauv cov hlau

① titanium loj feem ntau tshaj 0.025% tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov khoom siv alloying.

② titanium raws li cov khoom siv alloying zoo tib yam hauv cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, cov qauv hlau alloy, cov cuab yeej hlau hlau, cov cuab yeej siv siab ceev steel, stainless hlau, acid-resistant steel, kub-resistant non-skinning hlau, cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, thiab cam khwb cia hlau. tau siv dav.

③Titanium tau siv los ua ntau yam khoom siv qib siab, dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, siv ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm kev lag luam aerospace, xws li aviation spacecraft, fais fab machinery.