Keeb Kwm Ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Ntawm Niobium

Thaum kuaj xyuas cov ores hauv British Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv xyoo 1801, Charles Hatchett tau xav paub los ntawm cov qauv sau npe columbite. Nws xav tias nws muaj cov hlau tshiab, thiab nws yog. Nws rhuab ib daim ntawm cov qauv nrog poov tshuaj carbonate, yaj cov khoom rau hauv dej, thiab tom qab ntxiv acid tau ib tug precipitate. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho mob ntxiv kuj ua tsis tiav los tsim cov khoom nws tus kheej, uas nws hu ua columbium (coltan - ib qho qub txhais ntawm lub caij niobium), paub ntau xyoo.
Lwm tus tsis ntseeg ntawm columbium, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab kev tshawb pom ntawm tantalum xyoo tom ntej. Cov hlau no tshwm sim ua ke hauv qhov xwm txheej thiab nyuaj rau kev sib cais. Xyoo 1844, German chemist Heinrich Rose tau ua pov thawj tias columbite muaj ob lub ntsiab lus, thiab nws hu ua columbium (coltan) tom qab niobium (niobium). "Columbium" (columbium, cim Cb) yog lub npe ntxov tshaj plaws muab los ntawm Hatchett rau lub caij tshiab. Lub npe tau siv dav hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov twg American Chemical Society tau luam tawm cov ntawv kawg nrog "columbium" hauv lub npe xyoo 1953; "niobium" tau siv hauv Tebchaws Europe, thiab 15th ICC lub rooj sib tham hauv Amsterdam xyoo 1949 thaum kawg txiav txim siab siv "niobium". Ntawm lub rooj sib tham 15th ICC hauv Amsterdam xyoo 1949, thaum kawg tau txiav txim siab tias "niobium" yuav yog lub npe ntawm lub ntsiab lus 41. Xyoo tom ntej, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) kuj tau txais qhov kev xaiv no, xaus rau ib puas xyoo. ntawm naming kev tsis pom zoo, txawm tias "columbium" tau siv ua ntej. Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib haum xeeb: IUPAC xaiv "Tungsten" tshaj European "Wolfram" rau tungsten, raws li North American siv, thiab muab qhov tseem ceeb rau European kev siv rau niobium. Cov koom haum tshuaj lom neeg thiab tsoomfwv cov koom haum feem ntau siv IUPAC ua lub npe, tab sis US Geological Survey, nrog rau cov koom haum xws li Lub Tsev Haujlwm Metallurgical thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Hlau, tseem siv lub npe qub "columbium".

Thaum lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm columbium (niobium) los ntawm tantalum, uas zoo sib xws hauv qhov xwm txheej. 1809, British chemist William Hyde Wollaston piv columbium thiab tantalum oxides, thiab pom tias qhov ntom ntawm ob yog 5.918 g / cm3 thiab ntau dua 16.6 g / cm3, raws li; Txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv loj ntawm qhov ntom ntom, nws tseem xav tias lawv zoo ib yam. nws tseem suav tias lawv yog cov khoom zoo ib yam. Lwm tus kws tshuaj German, Heinrich Rose, tsis lees paub qhov kev txiav txim siab no hauv xyoo 1846, thov tias ob lub ntsiab lus muaj nyob hauv cov qauv tantalite qub. Nws tis npe rau lawv "Niobium" tom qab Tantalus tus ntxhais Niobe, tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kua muag, thiab nws tus tub Pelops, tom qab Greek myths xwb ntawm "Niobium" (niobium) thiab "Pelopium". Qhov sib txawv ntawm tantalum thiab niobium yog qhov hloov maj mam, thiab qhov tshwm sim tshiab "cov ntsiab lus" Pelopium, Ilmenium thiab Dianium tsuas yog niobium lossis niobium-tantalum sib xyaw.
Xyoo 1864, Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand, Henri Edin St. Clair de Ville thiab Louis Joseph Troost tau ua pov thawj tseeb tias tantalum thiab niobium yog ob yam tshuaj sib txawv thiab txiav txim siab cov qauv tshuaj rau qee qhov sib txuas. Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac ntxiv ua pov thawj hauv xyoo 1866 tias tsis muaj lwm cov ntsiab lus tshaj li Tantalum thiab Niobium. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog txog 1871 uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau luam tawm cov ntawv ntawm Ilmenium.
Xyoo 1864, de Marignac ua thawj niobium hlau los ntawm kev txo cov niobium chloride hauv hydrogen gas. Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm npaj niobium hlau yam tsis muaj tantalum nyob rau hauv 1866, nws tsis yog txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th uas niobium pib siv rau kev lag luam: nyob rau hauv lub filaments ntawm hluav taws xob qhov muag teev. Niobium tau raug tshem tawm sai sai los ntawm tungsten, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua li niobium thiab zoo dua rau cov teeb pom kev zoo, thiab hauv xyoo 1920 nws tau pom tias niobium tuaj yeem siv los ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau, uas tau siv ntev ntev. Eugene Kunzler ntawm Tswb Labs thiab lwm tus tau pom tias niobium-tin tseem nyob hauv cov hluav taws xob muaj zog thiab sib nqus, uas ua rau nws yog thawj cov khoom uas tuaj yeem tiv taus cov dej kub thiab cov hlau nplaum, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov hlau nplaum thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau ua rau kev tsim cov kab ntev ntev ntev 20 xyoo tom qab. Cov cables no, thaum raug mob rau hauv coils, tsim loj, muaj zog electromagnets siv nyob rau hauv rotating tshuab, particle gas pedals thiab particle detectors.
Ib qho qauv dawb huv ntawm cov hlau tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1864 los ntawm Christian Blomstrand, uas paub txog qhov txo qis ntawm niobium chloride los ntawm cua sov nrog hydrogen.