Titanium Alloys nyob rau hauv Defense Technology: Qib Xaiv, AMS thiab ASTM Specifications
Oct 10, 2024
Vim li cas titanium Alloys tau qhia txog qhov hnyav -Critical Defense Hardware
Titanium zaum hauv qhov nqaim tab sis txiav txim siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv engineering. Nws yog kwv yees li 40 feem pua sib dua li cov hlau ntawm qhov sib piv lub zog, khaws cov cuab yeej siv tau los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txog li 400 C rau cov neeg ua haujlwm qib 5 alloy, thiab rov tsim nws cov oxide zaj duab xis tam sim tom qab khawb, yog li chloride - bearing marine cua thiab ntsev tsuag tsis muaj dab tsi rau nws. Rau ib qho kev pab cuam chaw ua hauj lwm trading payload tiv thaiv ntau yam thiab cov kev pab cuam lub sij hawm, peb lub zog hloov ncaj qha mus rau hauv kilos txuag thiab tsawg depot- qib tshuaj ntsuam xyuas.
Lub drawback yog tus nqi. Lub tshuab nqus tsev- melted titanium ingot tseem tshuav ntau zaus ntau dua ib kilogram dua li cov qauv hlau lossis txhuas, thiab cov nqi hloov pauv tsis zoo vim tias cov hlau ua cua sov ntawm tsuas yog 6.7 W / mK, kwv yees li ib feem xya ntawm cov hlau, thiab ua haujlwm- tawv tawv heev. Qhov no yog vim li cas titanium yog siv los xaiv: fittings, fasteners, hydraulic kab, kub cav seem, tsaws iav, tso cov qauv, armor phaj thiab riam phom kho vajtse es tsis ua kom tiav airframes.
Qhov twg Alloys Tau Siv Tau, thiab qhov twg
Plaub tsev neeg hlau npog feem ntau tiv thaiv xav tau. Kev lag luam ntshiab qib 1 mus rau 4 kov lub luag haujlwm corrosion thiab lub teeb qauv. Qib 5, Ti-6Al-4V alpha{10}}beta alloy, yog qhov dav dav -lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm ua haujlwm. Nyob ze-alpha alloys xws li Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo raug xaiv qhov twg nkag tsis kam thiab siab-kub lub zog teeb meem. Metastable beta alloys muab qhov sib sib zog nqus hardenability thiab nruj tshaj plaws formability rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj.
| Qib los yog alloy | UNS | Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv | Txoj cai specification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qib 2 ua lag luam ntshiab | R50400 | Hydraulic tubing, brackets, seawater fittings | ASTM B338, ASTM B348 |
| Qib 5 Ti-6Al-4V | R56400 | Forgings, fasteners, armor phaj, cav mounts | ASTM B265, ASTM B348, AMS 4911, AMS 4928 |
| Qib 23 Ti-6Al-4V ELI | R56407 | High -toughness fracture-cov khoom tseem ceeb | ASTM B348, ASTM F136 |
| Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo | R54620 | Compressor discs thiab hniav, kub qauv | TIAB SA 4975 |
Qib 5 yog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus uas txhua yam raug txiav txim, thiab nws cov kev cai tau raug sau tseg zoo. ASTM B348 teeb tsa lub zog tensile yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 895 MPa, sib npaug rau 130 ksi, thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus 0.2 feem pua yield zog ntawm 828 MPa, los yog 120 ksi, rau bar thiab billet nyob rau hauv annealed mob, nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus elongation ntawm 10 feem pua. Phaj thiab daim ntawv ntawm tib lub alloy poob nyob rau hauv ASTM B265, uas siv tib lub zog pem teb thaum zawm qhov ntev ntev ntawm thickness, dav thiab flatness.
Nyeem cov Specification Framework kom raug
Kev tiv thaiv kev yuav khoom khiav ntawm ob - txheej txheej ntaub ntawv. Society specifications txhais cov khoom nws tus kheej: ASTM B265 rau daim ntawv, sawb thiab phaj, ASTM B338 rau raj, ASTM B348 rau bar thiab billet, ASTM B381 forgings thiab ASTM B363 rau fittings thiab lawv WPT wrought designations. Aerospace khoom specifications ces ntxiv cov txheej txheem tswj nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm chemistry thiab tensile yuav tsum tau. AMS 4911 tswj hwm Ti-6Al-4V daim ntawv, sawb thiab phaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem annealed, AMS 4928 npog tuav, hlau thiab forgings ntawm tib alloy, thiab AMS 4975 tswj hwm cov khoom ze-alpha Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo.
Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo yog tias daim ntawv xaj yuav tsum sau npe rau ob daim ntawv. Lub phaj uas txaus siab rau ASTM B265 chemistry tseem tuaj yeem tsis lees paub raws li AMS 4911 vim yog chav kuaj xyuas ultrasonic, cov ntaub ntawv alpha txwv ntawm qhov chaw, lossis cua sov- kho ntau yam tswj. Cov neeg yuav khoom uas hais ib qho kev siv tsis tu ncua tau txais cov khoom siv uas tsis tuaj yeem tso tawm los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom zoo.
Qhov twg cov khoom tiav yog qhov ciam teb siab, ASME BPVC Tshooj VIII Division 1 dhau los ua txoj cai tswj hwm kev tsim kho, thiab ASME SB-265 thiab SB-348 cov qauv tsim tsom iav lawv cov ASTM counterparts. Tshooj II Ntu D muab cov txiaj ntsig kev ntxhov siab tso cai siv rau kev suav phab ntsa tuab, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawd poob sai sai dua 300 C.
Txoj Kev Tsim Khoom thiab Kev Yuav-rau-Fly teeb meem
Titanium tus nqi profile yog dominated los ntawm kev hloov dua siab tshiab es tsis yog raw khoom. Lub forged thiab machined airframe haum feem ntau pib raws li ib tug forging uas yog rau rau kaum lub sij hawm qhov loj ntawm qhov tiav, thiab aggressive cov kev pab cuam muaj keeb kwm lees txais piv rau saum toj no 20: 1 ntawm hnyav pocketed geometry. Txhua kilogram ntawm machining swarf sawv cev rau lub zog uas twb tau siv rau melting, forging thiab kev kho cua sov.
Hlau additive manufacturing tawm tsam uas piv ncaj qha. Laser hmoov txaj fusion thiab qhia lub zog deposition tsim nyob ze -net shapes los ntawm Qib 5 los yog Qib 23 hmoov thiab tuaj yeem nqa qhov kev yuav- rau- ya piv hauv qab 3: 1 ntawm cov hlua, cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv cav. Kev lag luam yog tias cov hmoov txaj xav tau kub isostatic nias kom kaw cov porosity sab hauv, thiab tib yam AMS thiab ASTM cov txheej txheem lees paub tseem siv tau rau cov khoom tiav, ua ke nrog cov hmoov chemistry txwv ntawm oxygen thiab nitrogen uas nruj dua li cov khoom siv wrought.
Cov kev cai qub tseem tseem ceeb. Bar thiab billet yog muab los ntawm ASTM B348 nyob rau hauv annealed los yog tov - kho thiab hnub nyoog mob, raj rau ASTM B338 los yog ASTM B861 rau seamless yeeb nkab, thiab daim ntawv rau ASTM B265 nyob rau hauv thicknesses mus rau 0.3 hli rau kub lug thiab thermal shielding.
Kev tshuaj xyuas, Traceability thiab cov ntaub ntawv pob
Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tau yuav ntau npaum li cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov khoom. Ib qho kev tso tawm ib txwm muaj xws li cov ntawv xeem zeb nrog cov xov tooj cua sov thiab cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tag nrho, tensile thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau los nrog cov txheej txheem ntsuas kaw, ultrasonic lossis radiographic tshuaj xyuas ib chav kawm AMS, grain qauv thiab microstructure ntsuam xyuas qhov twg teev, hardness traverse ntawm forgings, thiab dimensional certification tiv thaiv daim duab. Cov khoom yog ib txwm muab rau ib qho xwm txheej ntawm EN 10204 hom 3.1 nrog tag nrho traceability ntawm ingot mus rau qhov kawg.
Ob hom tsis ua haujlwm tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas thaum yuav khoom. Thawj yog cov ntaub ntawv alpha, ib qho nyuaj oxygen-enriched nto txheej tsim thaum kub ua hauj lwm los yog kev kho cua sov hauv huab cua; nws yog nkig, tawg nyob rau hauv qaug zog thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm tshuaj milling ua ntej zaum kawg machining. Qhov thib ob yog hydrogen pick-up, uas yog vim li cas ASTM specifications cap hydrogen ntawm 0.015 feem pua rau feem ntau cov qib thiab 0.0125 feem pua rau ntau daim ntawv khoom. Tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag, yog li cov phiaj xwm tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim es tsis xav.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q:Qib titanium twg yog qhov kev xaiv xaiv rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv?
A: Qib 5, Ti-6Al-4V, muab nyob rau hauv ASTM B265 rau phaj thiab ntawv, ASTM B348 rau bar thiab billet thiab AMS 4911 los yog AMS 4928 qhov twg aerospace kev tswj yuav tsum tau. Nws muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog, toughness, weldability thiab mov saw qhov tob.
Q:Dab tsi yog qhov kev pabcuam siab tshaj plaws rau titanium hauv daim ntawv thov tiv thaiv?
A: Rau Qib 5 qhov ua tau ntev - lub sij hawm txwv yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 400 C, saum toj no uas nkag thiab oxidation ceev. Nyob ze -alpha alloys xws li Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo ib AMS 4975 txuas lub qab nthab, tab sis tso cai rau cov txiaj ntsig kev ntxhov siab luam tawm hauv ASME BPVC Tshooj II Ntu D poob qis dua 300 C rau txhua qib titanium.
Q:titanium puas tuaj yeem welded hauv daim teb?
A: Yog, tab sis tsuas yog nrog inert gas shielding uas npog lub pas dej ua ke, cov hlaws trailing thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke. Titanium absorbs oxygen thiab nitrogen saum toj no roughly 400 C thiab tsim nkig alpha rooj plaub, yog li qhib - huab cua vuam yam tsis muaj ib tug ntxuav chamber tsim cov pob qij txha uas tsis khoov thiab radiographic kuaj.
Q:Yuav ua li cas additive manufacturing hloov titanium procurement?
A: Nws txo qhov yuav- rau- ya piv los ntawm 6: 1 txog 20: 1 ntau yam ntawm forged thiab machined qhov chaw kom qis dua 3: 1, thiab nws tso cai rau cov cua txias sab hauv uas tsis tuaj yeem machined. Nws kuj tseem hloov lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv hmoov thiab cov txheej txheem tsim, yog li hmoov chemistry, particle loj tis thiab kub isostatic nias cov ntaub ntawv los ua ib feem ntawm pob khoom txais.
Q:Dab tsi hydrogen thiab oxygen txwv yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj zeb?
A: Rau Qib 5 raws li ASTM B348 qhov txwv yog 0.015 feem pua siab tshaj plaws hydrogen thiab 0.20 feem pua siab tshaj plaws oxygen. Qib 23 ELI zawm cov pa rau 0.13 feem pua thiab hydrogen rau 0.0125 feem pua. Oxygen saum toj no specification nce lub zog tab sis rhuav tshem ductility thiab tawg toughness.
Q:Vim li cas titanium tau teev rau armor es tsis yog hlau?
A: Titanium armor muaj lub zog zoo dua - rau- qhov hnyav piv, thiab ib chav tsev ntawm qhov chaw ntom ntom nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke tiv thaiv kev tawg thiab tawg hem, uas tseem ceeb rau cov huab cua thiab amphibious platforms qhov twg txhua kilogram cuam tshuam cov load. Kev nplua yog tus nqi ntau dua ib square meter.
