Kev siv lub ntsiab ntawm niobium yog ua cov khoom sib xyaw hauv cov hlau

Niobium thiab tantalum muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 24 x 10% thiab 2.1 x 10% feem, piv txwv li tooj liab yog li kaum npaug ntau tshaj tantalum. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, tooj liab thiab tantalum yuav luag ib txwm pom ua ke hauv ores. Muaj ntau tshaj 130 hom minerals uas muaj tantalum thiab tooj liab, ntawm cov columbite thiab tantalite yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau industrial tantalum thiab tooj liab, los ntawm cov kub tantalum yog muab los.

Kev siv lub ntsiab ntawm niobium yog ua cov khoom sib xyaw hauv cov hlau. Niobium yog superalloy steel additives, tuaj yeem kho cov nplej ntawm cov hlau, txhim kho cov nplej coarsening kub, txo cov cua sov ntawm cov hlau thiab tempering brittleness, txhim kho lub zog, toughness thiab kub creep zog ntawm hlau.

Niobium nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem impurity ntsiab yog oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen thiab carbon, lawv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov zais lossis rov qab rau lub cev, nws cov solubility thiab kub muaj kev sib raug zoo. Tshaj qhov solubility ntawm ntau yam ntawm theem thib ob thiab thib peb yuav tshwm sim, lossis dhau los ua ntau yam kev daws teeb meem. Cov nyhuv ntawm interstitial impurities ntawm embrittlement ntawm tooj liab nrog hydrogen raws li qhov loj, ua raws li ammonia, oxygen thiab carbon.
1, lub luag haujlwm ntawm hydrogen hauv niobium

Niobium yog nominally insoluble nyob rau hauv hydrogen ntawm chav tsev kub. Cov khoom solubility ntawm hydrogen nyob rau hauv niobium txo nrog nce kub. Thaum yaj, nws pib tsim ib qho kev daws teeb meem, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim hydride, uas yog ib qho nyuaj, grey-xim khoom. Tooj liab tuaj yeem ua tawv thiab nkig los ntawm cua sov hauv hydrogen.

2, lub luag haujlwm ntawm nitrogen hauv niobium

Nitrogen rau hauv cov tooj liab matrix tsim rov qab mus rau cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov tebchaw. Muaj ob hom tooj liab ammonia: NbN thiab Nb2N. tus qub rau lub centripetal cubic qauv, cim tas li ib tug=4.370A ntom ntawm 84 grams cubic centimeters, nplaim taws taw tes ntawm 2300-2500 degrees. Cov tom kawg yog tuab hexagonal qauv, ntom ntawm 808 g cubic centimeters 2300 degrees thaum cov khoom solubility ntawm ammonia nyob rau hauv tooj liab mus txog 18%, nrog rau qhov txo qis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 1600 degrees rau 3.7%. Niobium tiv taus corrosion los ntawm sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid thiab boiling aqua regia. Hydrogen solubility hauv niobium tsawg heev, tsawg dua 4.8%, 500 degrees txog 001% 1150 degrees txog 0005%, niobium yaj nitrogen, tuaj yeem ua rau nws nkig, ammonia nag lossis daus los ntawm cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua rau niobium soften.

3, lub luag haujlwm ntawm oxygen hauv niobium

Oxygen tuaj yeem yog cov kua dej ntau hauv niobium, oxygen hauv niobium rov qab mus rau qhov solubility siab heev, ntawm 1800 degrees rau 8%, 1880 degrees rau 4% 6, nrog rau qhov txo qis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Kev txo qis hauv 700 thaum poob yog 1%, oxygen hauv niobium khoom solubility * tsis ntau tshaj 072%, 500 degrees rau 0.25% 6, oxygen thiab niobium decomposition siab siab, thiab nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias nce sharply. Cov pa oxygen tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yuav luag tag nrho ntawm qhov kub thiab txias siab. Oxygen reacts nrog active kub khau khiab nyob rau hauv lub alloy los tsim oxides thiab diffuse ntxiv dag zog rau.

4, Lub luag haujlwm ntawm carbon hauv niobium

Niobium reacts nrog carbon los tsim carbide

5, Daim ntawv thov ntawm niobium thiab niobium alloy nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv superhard kev lag luam composite ntawv

Raws li niobium thiab niobium alloy nplaim taw tes siab, kub tsis kam, corrosion kuj nrog zirconium los ntawm cov nyhuv suction thiab nyuaj rau nplaim hlau shielding txheej, los ntawm pob zeb diamond thiab cubic boron hydride composite ntawv ntau lawm, cov cuab yeej alloy uas twb muaj lawm rau tsawg kub lub teeb ua thiab roj. , mining, drilling cov cuab yeej thiab txiav cov cuab yeej siv pob zeb diamond thiab cubic boron hydride. Lub neej kev pab cuam yog ntau tshaj 200 lub sij hawm siab tshaj qhov dav hlau alloy,