Niobium, thiaj li hu ua biophilic hlau

Niobium yog lub caij 41st ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm.

Niobium raug cais nyob rau hauv 1801 los ntawm Askiv chemist Hatchett, uas tab tom kawm ib daim hlau ore nyob rau hauv British Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau London, thiab yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm ib tug Swiss chemist nyob rau hauv 1864 los ntawm kev txo cov chlorides nrog hydrogen, thiab nyob rau hauv 1951 lub Nomenclature Committee. ntawm International Association of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) txiav txim siab los koom ua ke lub npe ntawm lub caij nrog niobium.

Niobium tau pib siv los ua filaments rau cov teeb ci, tab sis tsis ntev los no tau hloov los ntawm tungsten, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua thiab zoo dua rau kev tsim cov teeb ci. Hauv xyoo 1920 nws tau tshawb pom tias niobium tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog ntawm cov hlau, uas ua rau muaj kev thawb rau nws siv hlau, thiab qhov tseeb, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tsuas yog 0.03-0.05% ntawm niobium rau steel nce lub zog ntawm cov hlau los ntawm 30% lossis ntau dua. los yog ntau dua. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm niobium tsis hloov cov qauv ntawm cov hlau, tab sis theej ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon, nitrogen thiab sulfur hauv cov hlau los hloov cov microstructure ntawm cov hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, niobium kuj tseem txhim kho cov hlau lub zog, tsis kam mus rau qhov kub thiab txias oxidation, corrosion kuj, thiab txo cov hlau hloov pauv kub, uas ua rau cov khoom zoo weldability thiab molding zog.

Tswb Labs cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias niobium-tin alloys tseem tuaj yeem tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog hauv qhov chaw muaj zog hluav taws xob thiab sib nqus, thiab niobium yog ib qho ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj plaws, uas ua rau niobium alloys yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau tam sim no.

Ib tug neeg tsim lub tsheb ciav hlau ceev ceev, nws lub log qhov chaw teeb tsa cov hlau nplaum superconducting, yog ua los ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas muaj niobium, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau nplaum muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, kom tag nrho lub tsheb ciav hlau levitated ntawm qhov siab ntawm li 10 centimeters. , tsis muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev khiav, thiab yog li yuav tsum tau muaj zog me ntsis, lub tsheb ciav hlau tuaj yeem tso cai kom ncav cuag qhov ceev ntawm ntau tshaj 500 kilometers ib teev. Niobium thiab titanium superconducting cov ntaub ntawv kuj tau siv los ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob ncaj qha, uas yog me me, hnav, tsis tshua muaj nqi, thiab tsim 100 npaug ntau dua lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm tib qhov loj.

Niobium tseem nyob hauv ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj phais, muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, tsis cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam kua hauv tib neeg lub cev, tab sis kuj tsis ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas tsuaj, yog hloov tau rau txhua txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov ntaub so ntswg organic. ntev thiab harmlessly nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Yog li, cov nplooj ntawv niobium tau siv los them rau kev puas tsuaj rau pob txha taub hau, niobium hlau tau siv los xaws cov hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg, niobium strips tau siv los hloov cov pob txha tawg thiab cov pob qij txha, thiab niobium yarn lossis niobium mesh ua los ntawm niobium hlau tau siv los them nyiaj. rau cov leeg zoo li lawv tau loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha tiag. Qhov no yog vim li cas niobium tseem hu ua "biophilic hlau".

Niobium muaj txheej txheej valence electron ntawm 5 electrons, yog li nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv redox zog. Nws qhov valence tuaj yeem nyob ntawm -1 mus rau +5, thiab thaum lub valence electron txheej raug tshem tawm tag nws pom muaj cov pa oxygen-phooj ywg kryptonite core, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua halide converter, oxidizer, thiab txawm tias qhib. carbon-hydrogen bonds. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias cov khoom muaj zog oxidizing ntawm pentavalent niobium tuaj yeem siv los ntxuav cov pa phem, thiab txawm tias cov roj av dreaded mustard tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim rau cov tsis muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm niobium saponite av nplaum.

Xyoo 2003, cov neeg Austrian kuj pom cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo nkauj uas muaj feem xyuam nrog niobium, niobium hlau nto los ntawm electroplating ntawm niobium oxide zaj duab xis tuaj yeem ua rau refractive, ci ntsa iab, txawv tuab ntawm zaj duab xis kuj tuaj yeem tsim cov xim sib txawv, yog li ua ntau yam xim sib txawv. ntawm npib, uas ua rau cov neeg sau cov nqi ntawm cov npib no nce ntxiv.